Knee replacement surgery is common in the United States and around the world. Many people considering surgery want to know the percentage of knee replacements with problems and what those problems may look like.
The good news is that most knee replacements work well. Still, like any surgery, complications can happen. Understanding the real numbers may help you make informed decisions with your doctor.
This article explains what research shows, which problems are most common, and who may be at higher risk.
How Common Is Knee Replacement Surgery?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that hundreds of thousands of knee replacements are performed each year in the U.S.
The National Institutes of Health notes that knee replacement is most often done for severe osteoarthritis. It may help reduce pain and improve movement when other treatments no longer work.
Most people who have surgery report less pain and better function within a year.
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What Is the Percentage of Knee Replacements With Problems?
Research suggests that about 5% to 10% of knee replacements experience complications within the first few years.
However, serious complications are less common.
According to studies published in peer-reviewed orthopedic journals and supported by data from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality:
- Major complications occur in about 1% to 2% of patients
- Infection occurs in about 1% to 2%
- Blood clots occur in about 1%
- Implant failure within 10 years affects about 5% or fewer
These numbers can vary depending on age, overall health, and surgical technique.
So when discussing the percentage of knee replacements with problems, it is important to separate minor issues from serious complications.
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Types of Problems After Knee Replacement
Complications may happen soon after surgery or years later.
1. Infection
Infection is one of the most concerning complications.
The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons states that infection occurs in about 1% to 2% of patients.
Symptoms may include:
Early treatment may help prevent further problems.
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2. Blood Clots
Blood clots, also called deep vein thrombosis (DVT), can occur after surgery.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention explains that surgery increases the risk because of reduced movement.
Doctors often prescribe blood thinners and encourage early walking to lower this risk.
3. Implant Loosening or Wear
Over time, the artificial joint can wear out or loosen.
Studies show that modern implants last 15 to 20 years in about 85% to 90% of patients.
Younger and more active patients may have a slightly higher risk of needing revision surgery later.
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4. Ongoing Pain or Stiffness
Some patients continue to have pain even after surgery.
Research suggests that about 10% to 20% of patients report dissatisfaction due to stiffness or discomfort.
This does not always mean the implant failed. Pain may come from scar tissue, nerve sensitivity, or alignment issues.
5. Nerve or Blood Vessel Injury
This is rare.
It happens in less than 1% of cases, according to surgical data from U.S. hospital systems.
Most injuries improve over time, but some may require additional care.
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Who Is at Higher Risk?
The percentage of knee replacements with problems is higher in certain groups.
Risk factors may include:
The World Health Organization notes that chronic conditions like diabetes can increase infection risk after surgery.
Doctors usually evaluate these risks before recommending surgery.
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Revision Surgery Rates
Revision surgery means replacing or fixing the artificial knee.
National joint registries show:
- About 90% to 95% of knee replacements last at least 10 years
- About 85% last 20 years
This means the long-term failure rate is relatively low.
Younger patients under age 60 may have a higher lifetime chance of needing revision simply because they live longer and use the joint more.
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How Doctors Reduce Complication Rates
Medical teams take several steps to lower the percentage of knee replacements with problems:
- Careful patient screening
- Antibiotics before and after surgery
- Blood clot prevention medication
- Sterile surgical techniques
- Physical therapy after surgery
Enhanced recovery programs have also improved outcomes in many hospitals.
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Signs You Should Call Your Doctor
It is normal to have swelling and discomfort after surgery.
However, call your doctor if you notice:
- Fever above 100.4°F
- Increasing redness
- Severe calf pain
- Sudden shortness of breath
- Persistent drainage
Early evaluation may help prevent serious complications.
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Emotional Concerns About Surgery
It is normal to feel nervous about statistics.
Hearing that 5% to 10% of patients experience complications may sound concerning. But it also means that about 90% to 95% do not have major problems.
For most people, knee replacement may help reduce chronic pain and improve daily activities.
Talking openly with your orthopedic surgeon about your personal risk can help you feel more prepared.
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How to Lower Your Personal Risk
You may not control every risk factor. But some steps may help:
- Stop smoking before surgery
- Manage blood sugar if you have diabetes
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Follow physical therapy instructions
- Take medications as prescribed
Studies suggest that patient preparation may improve outcomes.
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A Word from GetMe Treated
The percentage of knee replacements with problems is generally low. Research shows that about 5% to 10% of patients experience complications, and serious complications occur in about 1% to 2%.
Most knee replacements last 15 to 20 years or longer. Infection, blood clots, implant wear, and persistent pain are possible risks, but they are not common for most patients.
If you are considering surgery, speak with a qualified orthopedic specialist. They can review your health history and explain your individual risk.
Content reviewed for accuracy and clarity using information from the CDC, NIH, WHO, and leading orthopedic organizations.
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FAQs About Percentage of Knee Replacements With Problems
What percentage of knee replacements fail?
About 5% or fewer fail within 10 years. Around 85% to 90% last 15 to 20 years.
Is infection common after knee replacement?
No. Infection occurs in about 1% to 2% of patients.
How often do people need revision surgery?
About 5% to 10% may need revision within 10 to 20 years, depending on age and activity level.
Is ongoing pain normal after surgery?
Some discomfort is normal early on. Long-term pain affects about 10% to 20% of patients.
Are complications more common in older adults?
Older adults may have slightly higher medical risks, but younger patients may have higher long-term revision risk due to implant wear.
Should I avoid knee replacement because of these risks?
Not necessarily. For many people with severe arthritis, knee replacement may help improve quality of life. Discuss your personal risk with your doctor.